Immunology

Immunology is the branch of biomedical science that focuses on the structure, function, and regulation of the immune system, as well as the body’s mechanisms for defending against infection, inflammation, and disease. It examines how innate and adaptive immune responses identify and eliminate pathogens, maintain tolerance to self‑tissues, and contribute to overall health. Immunologists study a wide range of conditions—including autoimmune disorders, allergies, immunodeficiencies, hypersensitivity reactions, and responses to vaccines—to understand both protective and pathological immune processes. The field integrates molecular biology, genetics, microbiology, and clinical medicine to advance prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of immune‑related diseases.